Evaluar ideas de negocios

 

evaluar-idea

 

Las ideas de negocios elegidas deben de ser evaluadas de forma rápida para identificar los méritos de la Idea, antes de realizar un estudio profundo de factibilidad de la misma. First Screen provee un mecanismo rápido para evaluar la idea, tal como ya lo hemos mencionado en el post anterior. La plantilla completa de esta evaluación está disponible en el siguiente link, First Screen.

A pesar de que completar First Screen tiene un poco de análisis e investigación, no está destinada a ser un proceso largo, pero tampoco a ser un paso de ciego. Las mejores ideas son las que surgen de análisis y hechos y de buena información.

Parte 1: Fortaleza de las ideas de negocios

Una idea de negocio con alto potencial típicamente debe de proveer de una de las tres fuentes mencionadas en el post anterior; y además debe estar relacionada con el tiempo de incursión en el mercado. En cuanto a la oportunidad que puede tener una idea, ésta está sujeta a la ventana de oportunidad que pueda tener, una ventana de oportunidad no es más que el periodo en el que el mercado está receptivo a la idea, una vez que el mercado se hace maduro, esta ventana de oportunidad se cierra; por ello, es un tema crucial determinar si la ventana de oportunidad para el producto o servicio a prestar, está abierto o cerrado.

Parte 2: En lo relativo a la Industria

La industria en la que una empresa se va a establecer es extremadamente importante. En varios estudios se ha encontrado que entre el 8 á 30 porciento de sus beneficios está directamente relacionado con algún factor de la industria. Uno de los principales factores de la industria es el número de competidores, el estado del ciclo de vida, y la tasa de crecimiento. Las industrias en crecimiento son las más atractivas para la incursión de una nueva empresa; la selección del mercado objetivo puede ser otro factor importante a tener en cuenta.

Tabla 1 Promedio de utilidad neta en algunas industrias. Fuente: http://www.bizstats.com/

Industria Promedio de utilidad neta
Publicidad 5.0%
Publicaciones de libros 7.5%
Tiendas de electrónica 2.5%
Almacenes de comida y bebida 2.2%
Productos farmacéuticos 14.4%
Telecomunicaciones 10.1%

Parte 3: En lo relativo al mercado y al cliente

La identificación del mercado objetivo en dónde la empresa compite es extremadamente importante. El mercado objetivo es el lugar dentro de una larga industria o un segmento de mercado que representa a un grupo de clientes cercanos con intereses similares. Uno de los rasgos importantes para esto son los siguientes:

  • Poder determinar el poder de comprar por edad o por grupos demográficos, y si es posibles sus patrones de gastos.
  • Otro aspecto importante a tener en cuenta es poder determinar la tasa de crecimiento del mercado objetivo.

Parte 4: En lo relativo a los fundadores

En este aspecto se requiere que los fundadores o los potenciales fundadores hagan una autoevaluación concienzuda. A menudo se suele escuchar a los inversores que prefieren invertir en una empresa con un fuerte equipo de fundadores y que tienen una débil idea de negocio, que en un débil equipo de fundadores con una fuerte idea de negocio. Los aspectos a destacar aquí pueden ser los siguientes:

  • La experiencia que tengan los fundadores en la industria
  • Habilidades relativas que se tengan en función del nuevo producto o servicio
  • La red contactos tanto social como profesional en la industria que se quiera incursionar
  • Los objetivos de los fundadores sean coherentes con los objetivos que se plantean para la nueva empresa

Parte 5: En lo relativo a los aspectos financieros

La inversión inicial es necesaria para iniciar la empresa, pero la estimación exacta no es necesaria en este punto; es importante saber cuál pudiera ser la magnitud de la inversión necesaria. De acuerdo con Wells Fargo/Gallup Small Business Index, en promedio las empresas pequeñas se inician con 10 000 dólares, con la mayoría de dinero de los fundadores.

La plantilla necesaria para poder realizar esta evaluación se encuentra aquí

Cuando no se tiene certeza alguna de algún aspecto de los mencionados anteriormente, es necesario buscar fuentes de información confiables, estas pueden ser revistas especializadas, asociaciones comerciales, los centros estadísticos de los países suelen reunir bastante información, blogs especializados, etc.

 

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